During the early stages of the pandemic, governments all over the world neglected World Health Organisation (WHO) guidance and imposed travel restrictions. These public health measures imposed varying national and international travel restrictions. It was enacted for domestic political reasons without disregarding public health concern and thus divided the world. All of these undermined national efforts to prevent and respond to global health emergencies.

Travel bans imposed in response to the Omicron variant show the often-harmful effects of such decisions on low- and middle-income countries. They restricted travel to and from South Africa, in some cases targeting other Southern African countries, ignoring WHO guidance and updated evidence of variant spread well beyond the targeted countries.

The pandemic's mixed public health outcomes call into question the International Health Regulation (IHR)'s (2005) obligations in light of evolving public health knowledge. As a result, the IHR seeks to frame public health responses without disrupting international traffic.

 Travel restrictions must be based on scientific principles and WHO guidance. IHR assessments need evidence to know when to restrict travel. While strengthening WHO guidance to reflect epidemiologic data, promote health equity, and support global cooperation, IHR (2005) revisions must allow flexibility in implementing evidence-based travel restrictions.

The necessity and proportionality of various travel restrictions and standards across national contexts requires more research.

Say goodbye to brain inflammation naturally

Inflammation is a natural defence against infections, injuries, and diseases. Interestingly, you can promote your body's natural anti-inflammatory response and restore your immune system's natural balance by controlling your diet and lifestyle. Some foods can help boost immunity and fight inflammation in the brain.

A healthy brain requires omega-3 fatty acids. Generally, oily fishes contain these fatty acids but choose wild over farmed. Avocados contain monounsaturated fats that are good for the brain and heart. It also contains immune system-boosting vitamin E, protecting brain cells and keeping the immune system healthy. Cacao, the raw form of chocolate, contains brain-protecting antioxidants and anti-inflammatory flavanols.

However, spinach is a nutrient-dense food that has been shown to improve brain health and slow the ageing process. Kale and leaf cabbage are also high in vitamin K and fight brain inflammation. Nuts are high in antioxidants, and vitamin E.

Dementia and other brain inflammation-related conditions like Alzheimer's have been linked to moderate caffeine intake (not more than two cups per day). Water and daily exercise also help reduce long-term brain inflammation. Exercise improves blood flow to the brain and keeps it hydrated.

Rest and stress management are also important for a healthy immune system. Bite off a manageable bit and enhance your capacity to make and maintain changes.

The write-up is compiled by Amit Sarker, Department of Pharmacy, Primeasia University, Dhaka.

E-mail: amit.pharmacy30@gmail.com