Mysterious disease

By Dr. Chowdhury Jalal Uddin Murshed Rumi Medical Officer, Diabetic Hospital, Sylhet
22 February 2004, 18:00 PM
I want to write something in your newspaper about the mysterious disease that broke out at Goalanda last month. The disease was diagnosed as viral encephalitis (infection of the brain) caused by Nipah virus, a RNA enveloped paramyxovirus. At least 15 children died of this disease. This virus was first detected in Malaysia and Singapore in 1998 and 1999 amongst pig farmers. Infection spreads through direct contact with pig secretion. Treatment is only supportive. The mortality rate is about 30% in this region. The disease was first suspected as Japanese viral encephalitis which is also endemic in Japan, China and Southeast Asia. It's also a fatal one. Japanese encephalitis virus is transmitted to the human body by Culex mosquitoes which are common in our rice fields. Birds and pigs are two primary hosts. It can only be detected by Immun-ofluroscence assays. The remedy is vaccination and eradication of mosquitoes by pesticides.

In this regard, I want to say something about the possibility of emergence of these fatal viral diseases in our country. Bangladesh is very much vulnerable to these diseases. We have wide unprotected borders, airports and seaports having no active medical surveillance facilities. It's a matter of regret that our health department has no preparation to combat such fatal diseases that we recognised after that detection of Nipah virus at Goalanda. The Nipah virus had earlier been detected at Atlanta in the US. We have no facilities to diagnose such cases. No steps have yet been taken to find out the source. How did it spread in our country? Nobody can answer. The health authorities appear to be unperturbed.

I cannot imagine what will happen if other fatal viruses like SARS and Japanese encephalitis virus spread in our country. What will then our health policy makers do? Who will be responsible for that? I think it's more important to be prepared to combat such fatal diseases than spending so much energy on foiling hartal called by the opposition. Such neglect and ignorance may cause a major health disaster in our country. So it's time to think how we can prevent the emergence of these fatal viral diseases. Only a proper policy and implementation of it in vulnerable points can prevent the outbreak of such diseases and also save valuable lives.