Genetics and exercise: tailoring diabetes prevention strategies for high-risk individuals

Type 2 diabetes affects over 500 million adults worldwide, posing significant health and financial challenges. It results from insufficient insulin production, with symptoms like increased thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue. Risk factors include being overweight, having abnormal cholesterol levels, and being over 45. While genetics play a role, lifestyle choices significantly influence susceptibility.

A recent study in the British Journal of Sports Medicine examined the link between genetics, exercise, and type 2 diabetes. Researchers studied 500,000 people aged 40 to 69 over 6.8 years. Participants wore accelerometers to measure physical activity and sleep patterns. Findings revealed that higher physical activity significantly reduced diabetes risk, with a 68% to 80% reduction in risk.

All participant groups benefited from exercise, which was based on genetic risk. Those with a strong genetic predisposition also saw risk reduction, particularly with moderate-to-intense exercise. However, low-intensity exercise required longer durations for substantial benefits.

This study underscores the importance of regular exercise in reducing type 2 diabetes risk, particularly for individuals with a family history of the condition. Prioritising physical activity alongside a healthy lifestyle can help combat this global health concern.